When it comes to powering semi trucks, batteries play one of the most important roles in keeping these heavy-duty vehicles running efficiently. Semi trucks in particular rely on different types of batteries depending on their design, performance needs, and usage environment.
The types of batteries used in semi trucks, how they work, and their advantages and disadvantages can help truck owners, operators, and fleet managers make informed decisions about battery maintenance, replacement, and upgrades. If you want to know what are the most popular batteries used in a semi truck then read our post to know it.
Top 5 Most Common Types of Batteries Used in Semi Trucks
As you may know, there are different types of batteries used in semi trucks. However, each type has its own advantages and the right choice depends on factors such as the intended use of the truck, climatic conditions and overall cost. We will tell you about the top 5.
1. Lead-acid batteries
Lead-acid batteries are the most common and widely used batteries in semi trucks. These batteries have been around for over a century and are known for their reliability and cost-effectiveness. Lead-acid batteries are primarily used for starting, lighting and ignition (SLI) purposes.
How a lead-acid battery works?
Lead-acid batteries consist of lead plates immersed in a sulfuric acid solution. When the battery is discharged, the acid reacts with the lead plates to produce electrical energy. During charging, this chemical reaction is reversed.
Lead-acid batteries are generally classified into two types, flooded and sealed. And this battery has several advantages and disadvantages.
Benefits
Affordable: Lead-acid batteries are relatively inexpensive compared to other types of batteries.
Durability: These batteries are durable and can withstand harsh conditions, which is essential for trucks operating in different climates.
Availability: Lead-acid batteries are readily available and commonly used, making them easy to replace.
Disadvantages
Weight: Lead-acid batteries tend to be heavy, which can affect fuel efficiency when used in large quantities.
Limited lifespan: Although lead-acid batteries are reliable, they don’t last as long as other newer battery types, and they can lose capacity over time.
2. AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat) battery
AGM batteries are a type of lead-acid battery, but with improved features. In AGM batteries, the electrolyte is absorbed into a glass mat instead of free-flowing, which prevents leakage and increases durability. AGM batteries are known for their high performance and are a popular choice for semi trucks that demand a more powerful and reliable power source.
Like traditional lead-acid batteries, AGM batteries rely on a chemical reaction between lead plates and sulfuric acid to generate electrical energy. However, the electrolyte is absorbed by the fiberglass mat, allowing the battery to be sealed and spill-proof. They have several advantages.
Benefits
Spill-Proof: AGM batteries are sealed, meaning there is no risk of leakage, making them safe for use in trucks.
Vibration Resistance: AGM batteries are more resistant to vibration, which is an important feature in the rough, bumpy conditions of trucking.
Longer lifespan: AGM batteries last longer than traditional flooded lead-acid batteries.
Disadvantages
High cost: AGM batteries are generally more expensive than regular lead-acid batteries.
Not suitable for all climates: In extremely cold conditions, AGM batteries can struggle to perform as efficiently as other types.
3. gel cell batteries
Gel cell batteries are another type of sealed lead-acid battery that uses a gel electrolyte instead of liquid. This makes gel batteries leak-proof and maintenance-free. They are known for their high performance in high-temperature environments and can last longer than standard flooded batteries.
Gel cell batteries typically contain a silica-based gel that traps sulfuric acid, preventing it from flowing freely. This makes them safer and more durable under harsh operating conditions.
Gel Cell Battery Advantages
Maintenance-free: Gel cell batteries require less maintenance than flooded lead-acid batteries.
Better heat tolerance: These batteries can perform better in high-temperature environments.
Leak-proof: The gel-based electrolyte makes gel cell batteries spill-proof, ideal for the demanding conditions of semi truck operation.
Disadvantages
Expensive: Gel batteries are more expensive than conventional lead-acid or AGM batteries.
Slow charging: Gel batteries tend to charge more slowly than other types of batteries, which can be a disadvantage for fleets that need quick turnaround times.
4. Lithium-ion batteries
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are the most modern battery technology used in semi trucks, especially electric or hybrid vehicles. These batteries use a lithium-based electrolyte and provide a more energy-dense solution, meaning they can store more energy in a smaller and lighter package.
In a lithium-ion battery, lithium ions move between the anode and cathode during charging and discharging cycles, producing energy. These batteries are known for their higher energy density, longer lifespan, and lighter weight than conventional lead-acid batteries.
The best advantages of lithium-ion batteries are
High energy density: Lithium-ion batteries can store more energy in a smaller space, making them ideal for electric semi trucks.
Lightweight: These batteries are much lighter than traditional lead-acid batteries, which can improve fuel efficiency and overall vehicle performance.
Longer lifespan: Lithium-ion batteries can last significantly longer than lead-acid batteries, reducing replacement frequency.
Disadvantages
Expensive: Lithium-ion batteries are still significantly more expensive than lead-acid batteries.
Sensitive to temperature extremes: These batteries are more sensitive to temperature extremes and may require additional cooling systems in hot climates.
5 Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries
Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries are sometimes used in hybrid trucks due to their ability to store energy. They are similar to lithium-ion batteries but less expensive, although they have a lower energy density and a shorter lifespan.
NiMH batteries use a hydrogen-absorbing alloy as the negative electrode and a nickel-based compound for the positive electrode. The chemical reaction produces electrical energy, albeit at a lower energy density than lithium-ion batteries.
One of the advantages of nickel-metal hydride is
Moderate cost: NiMH batteries cost less than lithium-ion batteries.
Reliable: These batteries are reliable and perform well in hybrid and electric trucks.
Disadvantages
Lower energy density: NiMH batteries provide less energy and efficiency than lithium-ion batteries.
Short life span: They have a shorter life span than lithium-ion alternatives.
How to Choose the Right Battery for Your Semi Truck
Choosing the right battery for a semi truck depends on several factors, including the truck’s age, use, environment, and whether it’s a traditional or hybrid/electric model. You should remember that:
Cost: Lead-acid and AGM batteries are generally the most cost-effective, but lithium-ion batteries offer long-term value due to their long lifespan and high energy density.
Climate: For trucks operating in extreme temperatures, AGM or gel cell batteries may be a better choice due to their superior heat and cold tolerance.
Vehicle Type: Electric or hybrid semi trucks benefit from lithium-ion or NiMH batteries due to their high energy density and efficiency in electric applications.
Maintenance Requirements: If low maintenance is a priority, AGM or gel cell batteries may be ideal because they are maintenance-free and sealed.
Conclusion
As you consider the factors discussed in this guide, truck owners can make the right decisions that best suit their needs, ensuring they get the most out of their battery investment while optimizing their semi truck’s performance.
